| Who assigns a claims adjuster | Your insurer, after you file the First Notice of Loss |
| Proof of Loss deadline | Varies by policy — commonly 60 days after the loss |
| ACV vs. RCV | ACV deducts depreciation; RCV does not |
| Reservation of Rights meaning | Claim is under investigation — not yet denied |
| Subrogation applies when | A third party caused the loss your insurer paid |
| Right to appeal a denial | Yes — required to be explained in writing by most state regulations |
Why Claims Language Matters
Filing an insurance claim is stressful enough without having to decode an entirely unfamiliar vocabulary. Yet insurers, adjusters, and policy documents use precise technical terms — and misunderstanding even one of them can lead to missed deadlines, undervalued settlements, or an appeal you didn't know you had the right to file.
This glossary focuses specifically on the language of the claims process — the terms that surface after a loss occurs, not just when you're shopping for coverage. For coverage selection terms like liability limits or endorsements, see our insurance vocabulary reference. If you want to understand your policy document before a claim arises, reading an insurance policy is a practical place to start.
These Definitions Are General Starting Points
Insurance terminology can vary meaningfully between insurers, policy types, and states. The definitions here reflect common industry usage but may differ from the exact language in your own policy documents. Always read your actual policy and consult a licensed insurance agent or attorney if you have questions about a specific claim or coverage situation.
Core Claims Terms, Defined
The entries below cover the terms most commonly encountered from the moment you report a loss through final settlement or denial. Use this as a reference whenever a letter, phone call, or document from your insurer introduces unfamiliar language.
For a fuller picture of how these terms fit together in a real timeline, see what actually happens after you file a claim. And if you're just starting out, filing a claim for the first time walks through the process step by step.
At-a-Glance Reference
The quick-reference card below captures the most practically useful facts from this glossary — handy if you're in the middle of a claim and need a fast answer.
| Who assigns a claims adjuster | Your insurer, after you file the First Notice of Loss |
| Proof of Loss deadline | Varies by policy — commonly 60 days after the loss |
| ACV vs. RCV | ACV deducts depreciation; RCV does not |
| Reservation of Rights meaning | Claim is under investigation — not yet denied |
| Subrogation applies when | A third party caused the loss your insurer paid |
| Right to appeal a denial | Yes — required to be explained in writing by most state regulations |
Your declarations page is also a key document during a claim — it confirms your coverage limits, deductible amounts, and effective dates. If you're unsure how to read it, reading your declarations page explains each section clearly.
This article provides general insurance information and education only. It is not legal, financial, or personalized insurance advice. Coverage terms, definitions, and claim procedures vary by insurer, policy type, and state. Always review your own policy documents and consult a licensed insurance professional for guidance specific to your situation.